The optimization of bimetallic electrodes’ sensitivity using copper nucleation on metallic substrates to detect nitrates in seawater

The aim of this work is to highlight the beneficial impact nucleation mode study on controlling electrodeposition a metal substrate, in order form high sensitivity bimetallic electrodes. Actually, optimizing operating conditions allows generating largest active surface, and so, increasing electrode sensitivity. For purpose, phenomena initial growth copper nuclei gold, platinum stainless steel 316L electrodes were investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) chronoamperometry aqueous media. experimental results compared theoretical models for two possible modes: instantaneous progressive. Chronoamperometric showed that process involves progressive three substrates, which was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Optimal determined preparation highest surface area. Subsequently, deposition runs carried out substrates. formed tested their ability detect low nitrate concentration artificial seawater square wave (SWV).